1 of 100

Harmony

Welcome

To Scale Trust and Create A Radically Fair Economy

Harmony is an open and fast blockchain. Our mainnet runs Ethereum applications with 2-second transaction finality and 1000 times lower fees.

Harmony is your open platform for assets, collectibles, identity, governance.

Build on Harmony

This Gitbook document has introduction and resources for all audience:

🎶 General – technical features, application showcases, ecosystem partners, community channels.
🏗️ – web3 toolkits, deploy tutorials, open bounties, hackathon prizes.
🌏 – token wallets, delegator economics, validator setup, governance dao.

Visit for our Open Development:

🧠 – Market Research by Founder, Stephen Tse
💪 – AI Agents, DeFi on Exchange.one, 1-Second Finality

General

Introduction

What is Harmony?‌Roadmap Strategy & Architecture Study Materials FAQ

What is Harmony?‌

‌Harmony is a fast and secure blockchain for decentralized applications. Our production mainnet supports 4 shards of 1000 nodes, producing blocks in 2 seconds with finality.

Our Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS) reduces centralization while supporting stake delegation, reward compounding and double-sign slashing.

Harmony aims to build an open network of nodes operated and governed by a large community. This node community is called Pangaea.

Are we decentralized yet? There’s no consensus without participation. There are now 1,000 Harmony nodes – so far 800 of them run by the community – in line with thousands of Bitcoin and Ethereum nodes. Pangaea consists of volunteers and validators from more than 100 countries and most of them have never run a node before.

Key Innovations

Fully Scalable Architecture

Harmony’s sharding works not only on the network communication and transaction validation, but also on the blockchain state. This makes Harmony fully scalable on all three aspects of the blockchain: network, storage and transaction processing.

Secure Random Sharding

Harmony’s sharding process is provably secure against shard attacks because the network validators are randomly assigned and shuffled among shards. The randomness used in the sharding is obtained with a distributed randomness generation algorithm (based on VRF and VDF) which is unpredictable, un-biased, verifiable and scalable. Harmony reshards the network in a non-interruptive manner using “Cuckoo Rule” to prevent against slowly adaptive byzantine adversaries.

Harmony’s consensus algorithm is called Fast Byzantine Fault Tolerance or FBFT. FBFT is a highly efficient and speedy consensus algorithm built upon the famous PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) algorithm which is the cornerstone for distributed systems and consensus research for the past 30 years. Harmony’s FBFT is able to confirm blocks within 2 seconds thanks to the adoption of aggregated BLS (Boneh–Lynn–Shacham) signature. FBFT is also highly optimized in network message processing and block proposal pipelining so that the consensus can scale to hundreds of validators at the same time.

Unlike traditional blockchains which require PoW (Proof of Work) to reach consensus, Harmony is a Proof-of-Stake blockchain which is energy efficient and low-cost for node runners. The process to elect validators is called Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS) which is the first sharding-focused PoS mechanism that prevents stake centralization. In EPoS, validators with a large amount of staked tokens are obligated to run more nodes to support the network while validators with less stake run fewer nodes. Besides, EPoS is able to randomly and evenly distribute the stakes among all shards so no shard is less secure than other shards.

Harmony’s network layer is based on the industry-leading p2p protocol named libp2p. We use libp2p’s gossip protocol for network message broadcasting and stream protocol for decentralized state synchronization. To achieve high performance, we adopt RaptorQ fountain code and use Adaptive Information Dispersal Algorithm to quickly and efficiently broadcast large blocks. Harmony also features a design where Kademlia routing is used to achieve cross-shard transactions that scale logarithmically with the number of shards.

Harmony supports cross-shard transactions to achieve composability of assets between shards. We designed a receipt-based asynchronous cross-shard communication mechanism which achieves eventual consistency so no double-spending is possible between shards.

Harmony is the beautiful music when we sing in different notes but resonate. It’s analogous to our high-performance protocol of multiple shards but reaching consensus.

Harmony’s vision is “For One and For All,” creating open consensus for 10 billion people.

Harmony’s community is built on “Handshake & Embrace.” All Is Fair in Love and War. (Euphues [Euphuism]: The Anatomy of Wit, 1579). Read the “ Interview” on our founding story.

Roadmap

Harmony’s 2025 roadmap focuses on achieving 1-second finality, unifying decentralized finance, and creating an open AI ecosystem.

We are continuously upgrading our protocol for seamless performance with enhancements such as Verkle Trees, State Expiry, and improved network resilience through Stream Sync and Leader Rotation. These innovations power platforms like pump.one for memecoin creation and exchange.one for stablecoins and perpetual trading. Meanwhile, the .country top-level domains enable AI agents to own self-custodial wallets and domains.

We aim to simplify DeFi, expand liquidity, and attract new users. Innovations such as yield enhancer and perpetual options markets, combined with AI-driven frameworks like Eliza OS—empowering autonomous agents for trading, governance, and decision-making—are designed to make DeFi intuitive and accessible to everyone. By leveraging AI to create cult-like memes and autonomous agents that amplify engagement through viral narratives and real-time market insights, we aim to redefine community-driven finance with creativity and precision.

These advancements aim to onboard millions of DeFi assets, billions of community memes, and trillions of intelligent models. Together, these efforts reflect our vision for 2025: building a blockchain that is fast, simple, and accessible to everyone.

Strategy & Architecture

Harmony in 2021 will focus on adoption through developers and partners. We will continue to strengthen our network features, to lead industry in our cross-chain architecture, and to engage broad ecosystem to build with us. There will be explosive growth and new applications this year in blockchains — Harmony is ready to be leading a part of this global fintech revolution.

Towards our mission, Harmony’s current strategy is “Cross-Chain Finance” as decentralized finance and interoperable protocols are the product-market fit in 2021. We are building trustless bridges to Bitcoin and Ethereum for broader access of users and assets with Harmony as a hub. An example of utility is a cross-chain exchange without custodial risks. Our current settlement layer and soon liquidity infrastructure will enable further financial innovations, leading to cross-exchange integrations and cross-border finance.

Study Materials

Crypto Startup School

Learn how to build a crypto company. The course videos from a16z’s Crypto Startup School, held in the spring of 2020, are now available to all. Use the hours of free videos and the reading materials, below, to navigate the idea maze and start building crypto projects. .

Crypto Thesis for 2021

A Messari report: key trends, people, companies, and projects to watch across crypto, Bitcoin, and Ethereum, with predictions for 2021. .

NFT Canon

The NFT Canon is a go-to resource for artists and creators, developers, corporations and institutions, communities and other organizations seeking to understand or do more with non-fungible tokens.

FAQ

Where do I get Harmony One?

Check Coinmarketcap Markets for a list of Exchanges trading Harmony One. You may also want to get them via Defi DApps.

What Wallets accept Harmony One?

Check Holders for a list of Harmony One wallets.

What DApps work with Harmony One?

Check DApps for a list of decentralized applications running on Harmony One.

What is Staking?

For those wishing to participate in staking without running a validator, delegation is the best approach to still get involved and earn block rewards. The act of delegating tokens and earn rewards is called staking.

Harmony ONE holders can delegate their tokens to existing validators using our staking explorer: https://staking.harmony.one/. If the tokens are delegated to an elected validator, a portion of the block reward earned by the validator will be credited to the delegator (according to section Block Reward).

The earned block rewards are stored in a separate reward balance of the delegator, which can be immediately withdrawn to the delegator’s account balance. The block rewards can also be staked again to achieve the compounding effect of staking.

Your delegated tokens are also associated with slashing risks of the validator. As a delegator, you should carefully choose validators based on their historical performance metrics such as APR, uptime and commission. In case of indifference or indecisiveness, you should distribute your delegations among multiple validators in order to minimize risk.

New Delegators Quick, Simple Walkthrough:

💻 Download the ONEwallet extension from

✍️ Using the new extension create a new wallet or recover an existing one using seed words.

🎯 Next head over to the

👀 Choose a validator (or a few)

💰 Stake your tokens

🤑 Earn block rewards every 2 seconds.

Happen to be a more visual learner? Be sure to like and subscribe if you find the video(s) helpful.

For a deeper understanding of the staking mechanism, please refer to under the Validators section.

For more questions, check our section.

Technology

Key Features Randomness Sharding Consensus Effective Proof-of-Stake Tokenomics Transactions Wallets

Key Features

Secure, Random State Sharding

Harmony has transcended the blockchain trilemma by bringing the best research to production. Sharding is proven to scale blockchains without compromising security and decentralization.

We divide not only our network nodes but also the blockchain states into shards, scaling linearly in all three aspects of machines, transactions and storages.

To prevent single shard attacks, we must have a sufficiently large number of nodes per shard and cryptographic randomness to re-shard regularly. Each shard has 1/4 of nodes for strong security guarantee against Byzantine behaviors. We use Verifiable Random Function (VRF) for un-biased and unpredictable shard membership.

Fast Consensus w/ Instant Finality

Harmony has innovated on the battle-tested Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) for fast consensus of block transactions. Our Fast BFT (FBFT) leads to low transaction fees and 1-block-time finality in Harmony Mainnet.

We use Boneh–Lynn–Shacham (BLS) constant-sized signatures to commit blocks in a single round of consensus messages. We achieve 2-second block time with view changes in production against adversarial or unavailable leaders.

Harmony Mainnet was launched in June 2019. Our network has produced 30M+ blocks with 450k+ transactions in publicly traded, native ONE tokens.

Harmony has designed a novel Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism for network security and economics. Our Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS) reduces centralization and distributes rewards fairly to thousands of validators.

Our staking mechanism supports delegation and reward compounding. To support 100% uptime but fully open participation, EPoS slashes validators who double-sign and it penalizes elected but unavailable nodes.

Harmony Economics Model caps the annual issuance at 441 million tokens (about 3% rate in long term). Our model gives validators a simple and predictable return. All transaction fees are burnt to offset the issuance, naturally leading to zero inflation when our network usage becomes high.

Harmony allows smart contracts to receive random numbers on chain, using a Verifiable Random Function (VRF) powered by distributed randomness generation (DRG). This allows any DAPP in the Harmony ecosystem to leverage randomness without relying on off-chain oracles.

Randomness

Harmony’s sharding approach depends on a secure randomness source so the validators can be assigned to shards in a truly random manner to avoid single-shard attacks. Harmony designed a distributed randomness generation (DRG) protocol which involves both VRF (Verifiable Random Function) and VDF (Verifiable Delay Function) to achieve the follows key properties:

Unpredictable: No one should be able to predict the random number before it is generated.
Un-biased: The process of generating the random number should not be biasable by any participant.

Sharding

Harmony blockchain is sharded in three dimensions: state, network and transaction.

State Sharding

In Harmony, each shard maintains it's own chain of blocks and state database. Therefore, the validators of each shard only need to store 1/N of the global state, where N is the number of shards. The consistency between states from different shards are guaranteed by the property of eventual atomicity of cross-shard transactions, which guarantees that double spending between shards can not happen.

Network Sharding

Harmony's validator network is also divided into shards where each shard involves a separate set of validators connected closely with each other and running consensus between themselves. Most of the time, validators communicate with other validators within the same shard to reach consensus or synchronize blocks. In cases of cross-shard transactions and beacon chain synchronization, validators from different shards send messages across shards through the globally connected network.

Transaction Sharding

Transactions in Harmony blockchain are sent to and processed by a specific shard instead of all shards. This way, shards can process transactions in parallel which greatly improves the overall transaction processing capacity of the blockchain. Users need to specify a field named shard_id in the signed transaction which indicates which shard this transaction belongs to. For cross-shard transactions, another field named to_shard_idis needed to indicate the destination shard while the shard_id field indicates the source shard.

An epoch in Harmony blockchain is a pre-determined period of time when the validator committees of shards stay unchanged. In Harmony mainnet, one epoch is 32768 blocks which translates to around 18.2 hours. In Harmony testnet, one epoch is 8192 blocks which is around 4.6 hours.

When one epoch ends, the election for the new validator committees will be conducted in beacon chain and the result (i.e. shard state) will be written in the last block of the epoch in the beacon chain. After that, beacon chain enters the new epoch with the new validator committee producing blocks. Once beacon chain enters new epoch, all the other shards will follow and also enters the new epoch. The new shard state from the beacon chain will be written in the new block of the shards which also marks the last block of the epoch for that shard.

Crosslink is an important piece of data which is sent from shard chains and stored in beacon chain. A crosslink contains data for block signatures and the block identifier data such as block hash, block number, view id and epoch etc. When a new block is confirmed in a shard chain, the corresponding crosslink will be created and sent to the beacon chain. Upon the receipt of the crosslink, the beacon chain verifies its signature and checks that it’s from the canonical chain of the shard. Successfully verified crosslinks will be added in the new block of the beacon chain to permanently endorse the block of the shard chain as canonical. Shard chain blocks without corresponding crosslinks endorsed in the beacon chain won’t be recognized by the network and will be deemed as invalid blocks.

Besides serving the purpose of marking canonical blocks of the shard chains, crosslinks are also used to record and tally the signing activity of the shard chain validators. Since epoch transition and EPoS election happens only on beacon chain, the validator signing activity from shard chains are sent to the beacon chain via the crosslink so it can be used for block reward calculation and uptime calculation which affect the validator’s election status.

Consensus

The consensus algorithm is a key component of any blockchain. It determines the security and performance of a blockchain and is often referred to as the "engine" of a blockchain. Harmony’s consensus algorithm is called Fast Byzantine Fault Tolerance (FBFT), which is an innovative upgrade on the famous PBFT algorithm. FBFT is one order of magnitude faster and more scalable than PBFT because BLS (Boneh–Lynn–Shacham) aggregate signature is used to significantly reduce the communication cost. Specifically, FBFT allows at least 250 validators to reach consensus within 2 seconds.

For every round of consensus in FBFT, one validator serves as the “leader” and there are three phases: the announce phase, the prepare phase and the commit phase. In the announce phase, the leader proposes a new block and broadcasts the block hash to all of the validators. In the prepare phase, validators verify the message and sign on the block hash, as well as sending the signature back to the leader. The prepare phase finishes when signatures with more than 2/3 of the voting power are collected. After that, the leader aggregated the collected signatures into a O(1)-sized BLS aggregate signature and then broadcast it with the whole block to start the commit phase. The commit phase involves validators verifying the block and doing a similar signing process as the prepare phase (i.e. 2/3 voting power collection). The consensus is reached after the commit phase is done. This whole process can be done within 2 seconds in mainnet.

Specifically, Harmony’s FBFT consensus involves the following steps:

Tokenomics

In the updated economic model of our network, the total reward across the network (issuance plus transaction fees) will remain constant regardless of average block time and staking ratio. The goal of this change is to achieve a higher staking ratio, to simplify the model and to create a path to 0 issuance, all of which we believe will bring long term benefits for Harmony.

ONE Token

ONE is the native token for Harmony which supports the monetary flow of the entire Harmony economic system. ONE has 18 decimals.

The smallest unit of ONE is called Atto, which is 0.000000000000000001 ONE. (equivalent to Wei in Ethereum).

The second smallest unit of ONE is called Nano, which is 0.000000001 ONE (equivalent to Gwei in Ethereum)

Utility of ONE

ONE token has several important utilities that’s required for using the network and is essential to the security of the network.

Pay for transaction fee

ONE token is the native token for paying transaction fees. Users need to specify a certain amount of transaction fee in ONE so the transaction can be successfully processed and included in the blockchain.

Harmony is a Proof-of-Stake blockchain which means the security of the network is protected by staked tokens. ONE token is the native token that’s accepted for staking. Potential node runners need to stake a certain amount of ONE token to be elected as a validator. ONE token holders are also able to delegate their ONE tokens to existing validators to participate in the staking process. The more ONE token staked, the more secure the network becomes. Elected validators who successfully sign blocks will receive block rewards in ONE tokens as compensation for their services.

Harmony is a permission-less and decentralized network which is governed by the community. Any protocol level decisions or improvements will be put as a proposal which will go through the open governance process to finalize. ONE is the only accepted token used as the measure for voting in the governance process.

LayerZero Bridge

Important Notice

The LayerZero-Harmony Bridge Interface (“Interface”) is an interface that facilitates use of a third-party cross-chain communication system (“Bridge”) that is designed to enable users to send messages between certain blockchains to enable the exchange of crypto assets between such blockchains. Your use of the Interface and the Bridge is entirely at your own risk.

The Interface and the Bridge are available on an “as is” basis without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, title, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement.

You assume all risks associated with using the Interface and the Bridge, and digital assets and decentralized systems generally, including but not limited to, that: (a) digital assets are highly volatile; (b) using digital assets is inherently risky due to both features of such assets and the potential unauthorized acts of third parties; (c) you may not have ready access to assets; and (d) you may lose some or all of your tokens or other assets. You agree that you will have no recourse against anyone else for any losses due to the use of the Interface or the Bridge. For example, these losses may arise from or relate to: (i) incorrect information; (ii) software or network failures; (iii) corrupted cryptocurrency wallet files; (iv) unauthorized access; (v) errors, mistakes, or inaccuracies; or (vi) third-party activities.

The Interface and the Bridge do not collect any personal data, and your interaction with the Interface and the Bridge will solely be through your public digital wallet address. Any personal or other data that you may make available in connection with the Bridge may not be private or secure.

How to find a bridged token address

You can find your token from your final step transaction if it’s correctly displayed (sometimes there are delays in data representation).There is a token symbol near the amount in “Tokens transferred”/ ”Token transfers” section that leads to the token page.

You can also look for the token in a token list on your wallet address page in the target chain explorer (it also can take some time for a token to appear).

Click on the token symbol, and you’ll see all necessary token information.

![Screenshot 2022-01-20 at 21.45.29.png](../../../../.gitbook/assets/HRC 20 ETH explorer.png)

Don’t forget, that address should be in ETH style (starting 0x...). For Harmony Explorer, there is a switcher in the top right corner.

If you can’t find your token there, please use to find a token address you should have after the bridge.

After you find your token, add it to your wallet as shown You can avoid this process if you use Add token to Metamask button on the bottom your bridge operation page after operation is completed:

Check that you add token to a receiver wallet of your operation and the wallet is connected to the correct network.

Ecosystem

The Harmony team is focused on delivering a strong foundation for our network and ecosystem. We are grateful for the engagement and support of our validators, developers, community members, grantees and collaborators. Our current ecosystem map as of February 2022 is below and only includes a portion of projects launched on the Harmony network.

See below our 2021 Year in Review & Ecosystem Growth:

Wallets

Hardware Wallets Browser Extension Wallets Desktop Wallets Mobile Wallets Web Wallets HMY CLI (Harmony Command Line Interface)

Hardware Wallets

Trezor

This page describes how to use Trezor hardware wallet with Metamask on Harmony network

Trezor wallet can be used along with Metamask to perform ONE transfers on Harmony network. Follow the steps below.

Note that, load the Ethereum firmware (or app) for signing the transactions on the trezor device. Currently, Harmony does not have a separate trezor firware. There is a for adding Harmony to trezor firmware. After this bounty is finished, the users will be able to both transfer ONE and perform staking using trezor using Harmony firmware (or app).

Ledger Nano

A Hardware wallet

The Nano X and Nano S are hardware wallets created by Ledger. A hardware wallet stores the private keys to Harmony tokens on a separate device, making it much harder for malicious parties to steal them. In fact, the private keys never leave the Nano wallet itself, so they will remain secure even if the device is connected to a compromised computer. As long as you follow best practices when using your Nano, it is virtually impossible for an attacker to steal your funds.

Ledger with Metamask

This page will describe how to use ledger with Metamask connected to Harmony network for transfers

Metamask can be used along with ledger to perform transfers.

Steps:

Ledger with HMY CLI

To interact with your Ledger device using the HMYC CLI, please click to download and configure it first.

With that in mind, you can run any other command via HMY CLI using your Ledger.

Below, are a few practical examples on how to interact with your Ledger device.

For example, if you want to show your Ledger address you would simply run:

For a complete reference of all commands available, please check the HMY CLI .

Ledger with Staking Dashboard

Using Harmony hardware wallet on the Ledger requires a few things. You will need:

Your Ledger
The Harmony app installed on your Ledger

Sign In With Ledger

Plug in your Ledger and open the Harmony Ledger App. Your device will be detected by your computer.

Start from the staking dashboard: and click the "sign-in" button.

You will be directed to the Validators page on the Staking Dashboard and a small trident logo will appear on the chrome tab. Your Ledger Nano will display "waiting for commands" before you click on any buttons.

Sending transactions via Ledger

To send ONE tokens to an address, click the "Transfer funds" button and the send window will pop-up.

Input the amount of tokens to send and the destination address, then click the "next" buttons.

Click the "Confirm and Sign" button to sign the transaction.

Check your ledger Nano S, the LED display on Nano S is shown as below. Click on the right button to review transaction on Ledger.

Staking Transactions via Ledger

Check the validators page to see list of validators. Click on desired validator logo to check validator details.

Click on the "Delegate" button to delegate to this validator.

Enter the desired delegation amount or scroll the percentage slider in the pop-up Delegate window. Delegation must be at least 100 ONE. Click on "Next" and confirm the signature request.

Check your Ledger, it will display "Delegate Stake" in the LED screen. Press the right button to start signing the transaction.

Safepal

A hardware wallet with a mobile app

SafePal is a secure and user-friendly hardware wallet designed for the masses. SafePal S1, its first flagship hardware wallet, adopts multiple layers of security schemes and intuitive user interfaces, enabling users to store, transfer and trade coins in the wallet in the easiest way.

Download & setup

Download and setup Safepal Hardware Wallet

SafePal mobile apps can be downloaded from PlayStore and AppStore following the instructions.

Please make sure your SafePal is the latest by following the instructions . The SafePal general user's manual is and the initial set up guide is .

Create/import account

When you're setting up SafePal you can either create a new account/wallet, or import/recover an existing account/wallet.

Send transaction

Click on the 'Send' segment in SafePal App menu bar and select ONE.

Input the destination address by pasting the address or scanning the QR code. Enter all transaction details - amount, fee and don't forget to select the shard number.

Browser Extension Wallets

Metamask

MetaMask is an extension for accessing Harmony enabled distributed applications, or "dapps", from your browser. The extension injects the Harmony web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that Web3 applications can read from the blockchain.

In this section, we walk through the process of installing MetaMask, configuring it on the Harmony network, and importing an existing account using a previously generated private key.

Installing MetaMask

Click here to install the MetaMask extension on your browser. It can be installed on most desktop browsers. Just click on the installation button to begin the process. Once installed, continue to the next section to add the Harmony network to your new wallet.

Remember to save a backup of your private key(s) but never share it with anyone unless that person is to be trusted with full access to your cryptocurrency assets.

Create a New Account

In order to create a new account, click on the icon on top as shown by the image below and then on Create Account:

On next window, provide an account name and then click the Create button to complete the step.

Sending & Receiving

You can receive transactions to addresses starting with both one1 and 0x. However, Metamask does not allow you to send transactions to addresses starting with one1. You will need its' equivalent 0x address as the destination address. For that, follow the procedures below.

Retrieving the 0x Equivalent Address

For mainnet, go to https://explorer.harmony.one/#/ (Mainnet). For testnet, go to https://explorer.testnet.harmony.one/#/.
Search for your one1 address at the top.
At top of the screen, toggle the address format from ONE to ETH.

Copy the 0x address format by clicking on the small icon right to the address

You now have the 0x address which corresponds to your one1 address.

To send a transaction on MetaMask, click on Send button and on next window paste the destination address starting with 0x, fill the amount you want to send, click on Next, and then click on continue.

In order to receive a transaction, simply share the 0x address format with the sender.

Adding Custom Harmony Tokens

This page describes how to add HRC20/HRC721 tokens to MetaMask.

Adding a Custom Token

Open MetaMask, select the Harmony network, then click the Assets tab. Near the bottom, click "Import Tokens" and complete the empty fields.

Add the Token Contract Address, Token Symbol, and the Decimals value. Note the Token Symbol and Decimals may auto-populate. These details are usually provided by the token creator.

See "Importing 1BTC Token" as an example.

Complete the step by clicking on "Add Custom Token". Your custom HRC20 Token will show up in MetaMask along with its balance.

Sending a HRC20/HRC721 Transaction

Click on the asset you want to send your tokens from on the Asset tab. Click on Send button and on next window copy paste the destination address starting with 0x, fill the amount you want to send, click on Next and then on Confirm.

In order to receive a transaction, just share the 0x address format of your wallet. One Wallet supports sending HRC20/HRC721 transactions to either addresses starting with 0x or one1.

Import an Account

There is a where after the restoration of a wallet, MetaMask shows a different account with missing funds. Please make sure you use the same RPC network details as the one used in the original wallet. For example, if your original wallet was on the Harmony RPC network but your new wallet is on POKT RPC network, you may not see your original account.

1. Obtaining a Private Key

Importing an account is done by taking an existing private key and importing it into MetaMask. How you obtain the private key is dependent on the wallet in use.

For the Harmony Chrome extension wallet, click the Menu button at the top right, click Export Private Key, enter your password, and copy the private key displayed.

2. Using a Private Key

Click on the icon on top as shown by the image below and then on Import Account:

On next window, select the option to import from a Private Key, paste your key and click on Import to complete the step.

Your account should now be imported.

Rabby Wallet

Rabby Wallet is an extension for accessing Harmony-enabled distributed applications, or "dapps", from your browser. The extension injects the Harmony web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that Web3 applications can read from the blockchain.

In this section, we walk through the process of installing Rabby Wallet, configuring it on the Harmony network, and importing an existing account using a previously generated private key.

Installing Rabby Wallet

Click to install the Rabby Wallet extension on your browser. It can be installed on most desktop browsers. Just click on the installation button to begin the process. Once installed, continue to the next section to add the Harmony network to your new wallet.

Using Rabby Wallet

To learn about how to use Rabby wallet, create accounts, send and receive Tokens, import wallets, and more, please follow the instructions on the Rabby Wallet website:

Math Wallet

This section describes how to create your wallet, stake and undelegate your ONE, send transactions, and claim staking rewards using the Math Wallet browser extension.

is a browser extension and a mobile wallet for holding and transacting cryptocurrency.

Download & Setup

Installation

Access the Google Chrome web store and install the Math Wallet extension.

Note : Ensure to use the latest available version of Math Wallet (greater than 2.0.7).

Previous versions have a known bug and are not supported.

Open the extension in your browser and create new password.

Select Harmony from the list of networks.

Create/Import/Export Wallet

You can choose to create a wallet through the extension or import your existing wallet using a mnemonic phrase or a private key.

When you create a wallet, please write down your mnemonic correctly and keep in a safe place.

You may also import your Harmony Account using your mnemonic or private key.

You can also choose to export your keys in Settings. Your keys will be exported into a txt file with both private key and mnemonic.

Sending Transactions

Follow the steps below to send your ONE using Math Wallet.

Make sure you've set up your Math Wallet extension according to the directions in .

You will need to open Web Wallet in order to view account details and perform transactions.

Please select the wallet you want to open and click Web Wallet on the Math Wallet extension popover interface.

Staking

Follow the steps below to stake your ONE using Math Wallet.

Visit the staking dashboard at and click Sign In.

The screen will prompt you to make a selection.

Choose "Use an Existing Address".

Click "Use Math Wallet" from the next selection of options and then click "Sign In".

Collecting Rewards

This page walks you through the process of collecting stake rewards with Math Wallet.

With your ONE staked to one or more validators, your delegation begins earning rewards with each block. You may collect these rewards at any time and may be re-delegated to compound your interest assuming you have 100 or more ONE.

Visit the staking dashboard at staking.harmony.one and click the Portfolio link on the left.

Log into the dashboard if you're not already signed in.

With your address confirmed, proceed by clicking the Claim Rewards button to collect the ONE earned through staking.

Note the staking dashboard currently only displays whole integers, which means <1 ONE rewards will display as zero and cannot be collected.

Proceed by clicking the Next button at the window below.

Then click the Confirm and Sign button to send the transaction for signing in Math Wallet.

This will cause Math Wallet to pop up and request you to accept the signature request.

Click the Accept button to sign the transaction and collect your rewards.

Your rewards are collected once you see a Successful Withdrawal message.

Your ONE rewards, generated by staking your coins, are now added to your wallet.

Undelegating

Follow the steps below to undelegate your staked ONE using the Math Wallet browser extension.

Visit and sign into the staking dashboard at https://staking.harmony.one/, if you are signed out.

Click on the Portfolio link to the left.

This page will display information about your staked ONE including a list of validators to which you've delegated your ONE, amount of staked ONE, and unclaimed rewards.

You can undelegate from one or more validators where your ONE is staked.

From the Portfolio view, select the validator(s) from which you wish to undelegate by clicking on their validator name. This brings up the validator profile page.

Click the Undelegate button.

You will be prompted to specify how much you wish to undelegate from the validator. From here, specify an amount you wish to undelegate or click Set Max to undelegate all ONE from the validator.

Click Next and then click Confirm and Sign. This will open a window for Math Wallet.

Click the Accept button to sign your undelegation / unstaking transaction.

You should see a notification for your successful undelegation.

Your ONE is now undelegated from the validator. You may have more ONE staked with other validators. To undelegate fully, repeat these steps again through the list of validators on your Portfolio page.

Harmony Chrome Extension Wallet

Desktop Wallets

Guarda Wallet

Stake and exchange Harmony ONE tokens using Guarda Wallet. You can download the desktop wallet .

Staking4All Wallet

Staking4All wallet is a desktop wallet for Harmony. You can download it .

Mobile Wallets

Metamask Wallet

Average setup time is 3-5 minutes:

Download Mobile App from Apple App Store
Click on Get Started

Blits Wallet

Manage your Harmony, Ethereum, HRC20, HRC721, ERC20 & ERC721 Tokens in a trustless manner.

You can download Blits Wallet here.

Cobo Wallet

Cobo is the first leading wallet company in the world to offer Staking and masternode rewards on user holdings, making it easy for users to grow their digital assets effortlessly. As a company, they emphasize long-term security, reliability, and convenience.

You can download Cobo Wallet here.

Frontier Wallet

Frontier is a chain-agnostic DeFi aggregation layer. Users can stake in Harmony using Frontier.

Please visit with your mobile device to download the harmony mobile app.

Guarda Wallet

Stake and exchange Harmony ONE tokens using Guarda Wallet. You can download the mobile wallet .

Infinity Wallet

Description: "The ultimate gateway to decentralized finance in a user-friendly, multi-currency and convenient cryptocurrency wallet for all your needs."

For more information:

ONTO Wallet

Description: "ONTO is the first truly decentralized, cross-chain wallet, allowing users to securely manage their identities, data, and digital assets. Wallet users can manage their crypto assets (including NFTs), perform cross-chain swaps, keep up-to-date with the blockchain and crypto industry’s latest developments and events via the ONTO news feed, and enjoy a variety of dApps."

For more information:

Trust Wallet

Trust Wallet is a mobile cryptocurrency wallet. Please visit with your mobile device to download the app. Users can stake in Harmony using Trust Wallet.

The funds that are sent within shard 0 will be viewed correctly in Trust Wallet.

If you receive funds in a shard other than shard 0 (i.e. in shard 2), you will not see the transaction receipt in the Trust Wallet app. Since your account balance will only show the funds in shard 0, your total balance will not change.

Since there is no shard selection in the Trust Wallet UI, all transactions will originate from shard 0 and will be sent to shard 0.

Trustee Wallet

Description: "Trustee Wallet is the altcoins & Bitcoin wallet app for secure storage, profitable purchase of cryptocurrencies and tokens using bank cards."

For more information:

Web Wallets

Guarda Wallet

Description: Stake and exchange Harmony ONE tokens using Guarda Wallet. Stake, exchange, earn and buy Harmony, Bitcoin, Ethereum and thousands of other assets.

For more information:

HMY CLI (Harmony Command Line Interface)

Introduction

hmy is the official Command Line Interface (CLI) provided by Harmony. You can use it as a local wallet and as a way to interact with your Ledger Nano device. The hmy CLI is completely open-source. You can track its development and post any issues encountered and your feature suggestions here.

Features

With the hmy CLI you can create a wallet, check your balance, send signed transactions to the Harmony blockchain, look up previous transactions, recover keys from previous mnemonics, create new keystores, and create new BLS keys.

Supported Platforms

OSX: main development platform
Linux: tested
Windows: tested/working under Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

We will always upload the latest production release on and announce future uploads in pre-production releases.

Download & Setup

The Harmony CLI tool is used to interact with the Harmony blockchain.

Enter the following command into your shell of choice:

hmy depends on some dynamic libraries, hence we recommend using the shell wrapper. Enter there commands into your terminal:

Now you can use hmy.sh as a wrapper over hmy and you should assume that all references to hmy in these documents refer to hmy.sh. For example, the command ./hmy

Staking Transactions

Delegating to a Validator

You can delegate tokens to a validator using the following command:

./hmy --node="https://api.s0.t.hmny.io" staking delegate \
    --delegator-addr [ONE ADDRESS] --validator-addr [ONE ADDRESS] \
    --amount [AMOUNT] --passphrase

The CLI will ask for the passphrase for the delegator-addr keystore file.

--delegator-addr is the ONE address of the delegator (string)

--validator-addr is the ONE address of the validator (string)

--amount is the number of ONE tokens to delegate to the validator (float)

You can un-delegate tokens from a validator using the following command:

The CLI will ask for the passphrase for the delegator-addr keystore file.

--delegator-addr is the ONE address of the delegator (string)

--validator-addr is the ONE address of the validator (string)

--amount is the number of ONE tokens to un-delegate (float)

You can collect your block rewards with the following command:

The CLI will prompt your for the passphrase of the delegation account.

--delegator-addr is the account to collect rewards for

Querying Balances

Get JSON output of balances on all shards of a given ONE address with the balances subcommand:

Other CLI References

if you want a full list of commands the hmy tool knows in markdown format, please run the following command:

Then in the same directory, hmy creates a directory named hmy-docs in which you can find all markdown files for the commands and subcommands.

Deletion of a one account is possible by issuing the below command

DApps

User Guide

Learn to setup and use your 1wallet

1Wallet: 1wallet.crazy.one

Creating Your ONE Wallet

First, make sure to have Google Authenticator installed on your mobile device. Click on button Create and a QR Code similar to the image below will show up. Scan this QR Code using Google Authenticator app and type the random 6-digit code.

After inputing the 6-digit code you will be redirected to a new window. Fill the recovery address and click on Create Now.

Make sure to setup a recovery address you have the keys of. This is in the case you lose access to Google Authenticator.

If everything went alright you should see your wallet created:

Restoring Your ONE Wallet

Click on button Restore and paste your wallet address:

Follow the instructions on the next window:

Harmony Swap

Link: https://swap.harmony.one/

Harmony Swap is a decentralized exchange that represents the main liquidity hub on the Harmony blockchain and is operated by the core team. It was forked from Uniswap V3, enabling concentrated liquidity positions and the most efficient swap experiences.

Swap Tokens

Before swapping, make sure that you own ONE tokens to pay for gas fees and your wallet is switched to the Harmony network.

To swap tokens, visit https://swap.harmony.one/ and connect your wallet. Once connected, you will find Tokens that are available in your wallet in the drop-down menu of the swap interface:

In case your Token does not show up in the list please paste the contract address to add the Token manually.

The lower drop-down menu allows you to select the desired Tokens that you want to receive. You can either choose from the list or paste the contract address as well.

Once you have selected input and output tokens, enter the amount you want to swap. The interface shows a preview of the expected amount of Tokens to be received:

Click "Approve" and then "Swap" to execute the swap. You will receive the output Tokens directly in your wallet.

Anyone can provide liquidity on Harmony Swap. Adding and removing liquidity follows the Uniswap V3 concentrated liquidity framework.

You can get an overview of existing pools by selecting "Pools" in the menu and getting directed to .

Select "Positions" on the Harmony Swap Menu to open the liquidity interface:

Choose the tokens you want to add liquidity to and the fee tier. a higher fee tier will result in less volume but more fees per swap.

Since liquidity pools on Harmony Swap are concentrated you need to select a range in which you want to add your tokens. A wider range results in lower fees but also less impermanent loss. Choose a range you are comfortable with depending on the expected volatility of the tokens. Reminder: If the pair trades outside of the selected range you will earn no fees. The liquidity visualization shows the current liquidity in the pool and the current price. It helps you to find a good range for your on liquidity.

Onsen

1ONE/WETH pool:

1ONE token:

Media

We engage publicly with wallet researchers and experts towards building the best end product. Here is a collection of our discussions.

balajis.com @balajis · Jun 11 Replying to @matthew_d_green Yes. But here’s a possibly dumb workaround:

1) A listens for events on chain 2) B sends a decryption request for resource to A’s address 3) A returns decrypted version, re-encrypted with B’s public key, if in a valid time window

Sort of like multisig with restrictions?

stephen tse | s.one @stse · Jul 3 smartotp by @IHomoliak has a research paper & a prototype - with a wallet for private keys

"keyless wallet" by @dionyziz has a theoretical result assuming witness encryption

our @1wallet_ by @polymorpher has a mainnet demo with hardened client security

Timeless

Timeless is reimagining the role of the calendar in our daily lives. They provide a delightful user interface, enabling users to seamlessly network their events with others via our Web RSVP pages. Instead of serving as a reminder for certain tasks, They are building out the discovery of services that will grow a marketplace in our calendar, intuitively helping users conquer the day. Timeless is driven to help users make the best use of their time, doing what matters, with the people they care about.

Timeless and Harmony can tokenize unique events and experiences on merging NFTs with some of the biggest events of the summer, from live concerts, sporting events, and many shared cultural experiences.

While we have the same amount of time in a day, how we spend our time is what gives meaning & value to each life’s moment. So, Timeless is creating bespoke 3D art to accompany life-enriching experiences.

Timeless will streamline the onboarding process for NFT Moment auctions, deploying Web RSVP. It is integrated with your calendar and enables fast & easy event participation.

FAQ

1wallets have an expiration date. It means that once the expiration date is reached, all your funds will be automatically sent to the recovery address you set.

The daily limit for 1wallet is set to 1000 ONE's. This means you cannot transfer more than this amount daily.

Partners

Fiat Gateways

Buy ONE on Crypto.com with credit card, debit card and bank transfers.

Have you all heard about ? It’s the Proof-of-Stake blockchain with a two-way Ethereum bridge, ultra-fast transactions and built-in interoperability. And its native token was just added to Ramp SDK. Buy it today at !

DeFi Protocols

For a full list of DeFi Protocols on Harmony, visit

A fully decentralized protocol for automated liquidity provision.

DeFi Kingdoms is a game, a DEX, a liquidity pool opportunity, a market of rare utility driven NFTs, and it all plays out seamlessly in the incredibly nostalgic form of fantasy pixel art.

Tranquil is an algorithmic money market and liquid staking protocol for Harmony. It's now part of the Defira metaverse