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For those wishing to participate in staking without running a validator, delegation is the best approach to still get involved and earn block rewards. Harmony ONE holders can delegate their tokens to existing validators using our staking explorer: https://staking.harmony.one/. If the tokens are delegated to an elected validator, a portion of the block reward earned by the validator will be credited to the delegator (according to section Block Reward).
The earned block rewards are stored in a separate reward balance of the delegator, which can be immediately withdrawn to the delegator’s account balance. The block rewards can also be staked again to achieve the compounding effect of staking.
Your delegated tokens are also associated with slashing risks of the validator. As a delegator, you should carefully choose validators based on their historical performance metrics such as APR, uptime and commission. In case of indifference or indecisiveness, you should distribute your delegations among multiple validators in order to minimize risk.
For better understanding of the staking mechanism, also refer to Terms & Concepts under the Validators section.
Harmony Staking Dashboard (staking.harmony.one) also supports sending transactions on Shard 0.
Note: staking dashboard only process transactions on shard 0.
To send ONE tokens to an address, click the "Transfer funds" button and the send window will pop-up.
Input the amount of tokens to send and the destination address, then click the "next" buttons.
Click the "Confirm and Sign" button to sign the transaction.
Once transaction is signed, Delegate window will pop-up on the staking dashboard and display the transaction status.
It will display "Successful Send" once the transactions completes.
Staking via browser is done via . There you will be able to delegate, undelegate tokens, claim rewards and manage your delegations. Currently, staking transaction are supported on and .
In order to choose their validators and manage their delegation, delegators have access to a range of information on the Staking Dashboard.
Check the validators page to see list of validators. Click on desired validator logo to direct to the Validator profile for more details.
Click on the "Delegate" button to delegate to this validator.
Enter the desired delegation amount or scroll the percentage slider in the pop-up Delegate window. Delegation must be at least 1000 ONE. Click on "Next" and confirm the signature request.
Once transaction is signed, Delegate window will pop-up on the staking dashboard and display the transaction status.
Check the validators page to see list of validators. Selected the validators you want to delegate to using the checkbox as shown by the image below, then click on "Delegate":
Now, on the new window, input the total amount you want to split between the validators you selected previously. On this example, we are delegating a total amount of 4000 ONE's which will be split equality between all the validators we selected. Each one of them will receive 1000 ONE's. You can split any amount you want, as long as the minimum amount per validator is 1000 ONE's.
Click on "Next" to confirm the delegations.
If a delegator decides to stop delegating to a validator, he or she can choose to undelegate their tokens from the validator. After undelegation transaction is submitted, the undelegated tokens will be locked until the end of the current epoch. Note that the unlocked tokens can be used for a new delegation transaction only starting from next epoch. This means the same token can only possibly generate rewards for you starting from the epoch after next epoch.
Click the "Undelegate" button on validator profile.
Signing process same as Delegate transactions.
This transaction will display on the Pending Undelegations section on the Portfolio page.
The earned block rewards are stored in a separate reward balance of the delegator, which can be immediately withdrawn to the delegator’s account balance. The block rewards can also be staked again to achieve the compounding effect of staking. You can only claim full rewards, not partially.
Click on Claim Rewards button.
Click on "Next" to sign the transaction.
Staking via Mobile can be done via:
Different wallets use different ways to confirm signature request. Please check the section for details.
Different wallets use different ways to confirm signature request. Please check the section for details.
Portfolio Page | Delegators can claim full rewards and monitor validators in their delegation portfolio. |
Staked | Amount of ONE delegated |
Available | Amount of ONE that available to delegate |
Rewards | Rewards yet to be claimed |
Portfolio allocation | Delegation amount across different validators |
Expected return | expected annual percentage return rate |
Returned in | Epochs left until undelegation funds will be accessible |
Reward (up to date) | Unclaimed rewards |
Status | Election status of the validator in current epoch |
Validator list | Delegators can access necessary information of validators at a glance to choose desired validator(s). |
Effective Median Stake | Median of ONE staked among the top elected slots |
Total Stake | Total ONE staked in the Harmony network |
Current block height | current block height of Harmony blockchain |
All | All validators created & listed onchain |
Elected | Validator currently selected & eligible to sign blocks & earn rewards |
Not Elected | Validator currently not-selected to sign blocks due to low stake or insufficient uptime |
Expected return | Expected annual return rate |
Stake | Total ONE staked by the validator |
Fees | Commission on rewards charged by validator |
Uptime (AVG) | Signing percentage for this validator's nodes |
Status | Election status of validator in current epoch |
Name | The validators' moniker |
Validator Profile | Delegators can check detailed information of a validator and delegate/undelegate this validator. |
Delegated | Total ONE delegated to this validator |
Self stake | Amount of ONE staked by validator |
Max delegation | Maximum ONE stake allowed by the validator, including self-stake |
Validator since | Block number at which validator registered |
Fee | Commission on rewards charged by validator |
Max daily change | daily change in commission allowed for this validator |
Uptime (AVG) | Signing percentage for this validator's nodes |
Slots | Number of seats (bls keys) associated with the Validator |
Elected slots | Number of seats (bls keys) elected in the current committee |
Expected return | Expected annual return rate |
Lifetime rewards | all rewards collected by the validator |
Shards | Shards in which validator's BLS keys belong, shown order is based on time to add |
Stake & delegation history | Stake and delegation amount for the validator at every epoch |
Reward rate history | Expected annual percentage return rate for validator at every epoch |
Delegators | List of accounts that delegated to this validator and delegation amount |
Analytics | Delegator can access both intuitive and statistical information on the stake distribution among validators and 4 shards. |
Slots | The slots occupied by this validator |
Bid | Bid per BLS key |
Effective | Validator's effective ONE staked |
total | Validator's total ONE staked |
Self stake | Amount of ONE staked by validator |
An overview of questions, additional resources, and products relating to Harmony’s Open Staking.
You can participate in Harmony’s Staking either as a delegator or a validator.
For Delegators: For those wishing to participate in staking without running a validator, delegation is the best approach to still get involved and earn block rewards. Harmony ONE holders can delegate their tokens to existing validators using our staking explorer: https://staking.harmony.one/. If the tokens are delegated to an elected validator, a portion of the block reward earned by the validator will be credited to the delegator (according to section Block Reward).The earned block rewards are stored in a separate reward balance of the delegator, which can be immediately withdrawn to the delegator’s account balance. The block rewards can also be staked again to achieve the compounding effect of staking. Your delegated tokens are also associated with slashing risks of the validator. As a delegator, you should carefully choose validators based on their historical performance metrics such as APR, uptime and commission. In case of indifference or indecisiveness, you should distribute your delegations among multiple validators in order to minimize risk.
For Validators: Validators are invited to follow this Step by Step guide, to start earning staking rewards!
While rewards are not fixed, and depend on the performance of a validator, the total staked tokens on the network, and the efficiency of the validator to follow Harmony’s Effective Proof of Stake.
You can check the median Expected Return (from the last 30 epochs) on Harmony’s Staking dashboard. When you click on a validator on the staking dashboard you can also see the latest Expected return (from the last epoch). The percentage shown is the APY (annual percentage yield).
When you land on Harmony’s Staking dashboard, you see the list of Validators. There is a ‘Total Stake’ value on the top center. This value represents the total stake contributed to the network by ALL the validators, irrespective of whether they are currently elected in the top 900 available slots and signing blocks. This value includes stake from ALL validators created on the network.
In the Analytics section (staking.harmony.one/analytics), you see two tabs. The tab for ‘Last Epoch’ shows the results of the last election for the top 900 slots in the network. The total stake and effective median value in this section determine the validator list and block rewards for the current epoch. The tab for ‘Next Epoch’ shows the real-time snapshot values of total stake and effective median, which means that these values will be used for election right before the next epoch starts. You may notice that the total stake value in the ‘Last Election’ and ‘Next election’ may be different. This is because if a validator who got elected in the last election is not signing enough blocks, then they may not qualify for the upcoming election before the next epoch. As a result, their stake gets discounted in the ‘Next Election’ stake calculation.
The Expected return value will start to show real non-zero values after a validator completes one full epoch after getting elected. This is because when a validator gets elected for the first time, there is no historical data to estimate expected returns.
Lifetime reward means the total cumulative ONE earned by that validator.
Check for your rewards earned in the Portfolio page of the staking dashboard.
When you send 1 ONE, what you will get is 0.99 ONE due to transaction fee. However, the staking dashboard doesn’t support decimal places currently.
No, it consists of the validator’s effective stake, uptime and total stake within a shard.
Tokens take 1 epoch to be undelegated (so you can redelegate them to another validator). You need to wait though 7 epochs if you want the tokens back to your wallet.
Yes, you can.
Ensure you have access to your seed phrase or private key first. For One Wallet, uninstall the extension and install it again. Launch the extension and choose the option to recover your account. Enter your seed or private key and input your new password.
There is no window between epochs, however, you can collect rewards close to the end of the current epoch, and immediately delegate, to be active and earning rewards in the next epoch.
It is the amount that the validator will charge from the generated rewards for services rendered (running servers, maintenance, maintaining high uptime).
Please ensure you have enough to cover gas fee. Gas fee is deducted from your Available balance and not from the reward you’ve earned.
1 ONE
100 ONEs.
It depends on the blocktime. Currently 1 epoch has 32768 blocks and with a 2s blocktime this is around 18.2 hours.
There are risks associated with Staking on Harmony.
Among those could be the following:
Account lost: Mnemonic/Private key backup
Firmware Problems
Network Centralization
Price Volatility of $ONE Coins
Technical Debt
Informational videos about Staking on Harmony
This is a series of videos about how staking on Harmony works.
To minimize the friction of delegation and allow delegators to easily switch between validators, redelegation feature is supported in Harmony Staking. If a delegator wants to redelegate tokens from one validator to another, he or she can undelegate the tokens which will be locked immediately. After that, any new delegations will try to utilize the locked tokens first and, if not enough, the liquid tokens from the user's wallet. Note the locked tokens are only available for redelegation after the end of the epoch when they were first undelegated. This is to make sure the tokens can still be slashed within the same epoch of undelegation if they are used for malicious double signing.
Specifically, if stakers want to redelegate X tokens from validator A to validator B, they can first undelegate the X tokens from validator A and the tokens will be locked immediately. After the end of the epoch, they can send a delegate transaction with X tokens to validator B and the locked tokens will be immediately unlocked and used for the new delegation. Alternatively, If the delegation amount is greater than the locked tokens that’s available for redelegation, the liquid tokens will be used to fill the difference.
With the restoration of 7 epoch locking period and the newly introduced redelegation support, we are bringing back the security guarantee of the original EPoS model without significantly affecting the existing stakers’ workflow. For more discussion and proposal about Harmony network, feel free to write a post at https://talk.harmony.one/.
